WHAT IS A
GALL BLADDER ?
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just below the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine when needed, typically in response to the consumption of fatty foods. It aids in the breakdown of fats and facilitates their absorption into the body.
While the gallbladder plays a role in digestion, it is not considered a vital organ, and it is possible to live a relatively normal life without a gallbladder if it needs to be removed due to gallstones or other issues. This procedure is known as cholecystectomy.
WHY DO GALL BLADDER STONE OCCURS
Gallstones, also known as cholelithiasis, are solid particles that form in the gallbladder. They can vary in size and composition. Gallstones can occur for several reasons, including:
1. Excess Cholesterol : The most common type of gallstone is made primarily of cholesterol. When there is an excess of cholesterol in the bile, it can crystallize and form stones.
2. Excess Bilirubin : Another type of gallstone forms when there is an excess of bilirubin (a breakdown product of red blood cells) in the bile. These are known as pigment stones.
3. Concentration of Bile : If the bile in the gallbladder doesn't empty completely or often enough, it can become concentrated, which increases the likelihood of gallstones forming.
4. Genetic Factors : Some people may have a genetic predisposition to forming gallstones.
5. Obesity : Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of gallstone formation.
6. Rapid Weight Loss : Losing weight quickly, especially through very low-calorie diets or bariatric surgery, can increase the risk of gallstones.
7. Pregnancy : Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of gallstones.
8. Certain Medical Conditions : Conditions such as diabetes and liver disease can be associated with a higher risk of gallstones.
TYPES OF GALL BLADDER STONE
Gallstones can be classified into different types based on their composition. The two primary types of gallstones are:
1. Cholesterol Stones : These are the most common type of gallstones and are primarily composed of cholesterol. They form when there is an excess of cholesterol in the bile, and they can vary in size, shape, and color, often appearing yellow or pale.
2. Pigment Stones : Pigment stones are typically smaller and darker in color, often brown or black. They are composed of bilirubin, a waste product of red blood cell breakdown. Pigment stones are more common in people with certain medical conditions, such as cirrhosis, hemolysis (excessive red blood cell breakdown), or biliary tract infections.
SYMPTOMS OF GALL BLADDER STONE
Gallstones don't always cause symptoms, and many people have them without being aware of their presence. However, when gallstones lead to problems or blockage in the gallbladder or bile ducts, they can cause a range of symptoms, including:
1. Gallbladder Colic : This is often the hallmark symptom. It's a sudden and intense pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen, which can last for several hours. It's typically triggered by eating fatty or greasy foods.
2. Nausea and Vomiting : Nausea and vomiting may accompany gallbladder pain.
3. Pain in the Right Shoulder or Between Shoulder Blades : Gallbladder pain can radiate to the back or right shoulder.
4. Indigestion : Some people may experience indigestion or bloating.
5. Gas : Excess gas or belching may occur.
6. Changes in Bowel Movements : Gallbladder issues can lead to changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea or pale-colored stools.
7. Fever and Chills : If the gallbladder becomes infected, it can lead to fever and chills.
8. Jaundice : In rare cases, if a gallstone obstructs the bile duct, it can lead to jaundice, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes.